Garlic oil as a fight against histological and oxidative stress abnormalities in Wistar rats after oral inoculation of Anisakis spp. Type II (L3) (Nematoda) / [O uso do óleo de alho na luta contra anormalidades histológicas e de estresse oxidativo em ratos Winstar após inoculação oral de Anisakis spp. Tipo II (L3) (Nematoda)]

The consumption of inadequately thermally treated fish is a public health risk due to the possible propagation of Anisakis larvae and their antigenic proteins, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease anisakidosis. The present study demonstrated the physiological and histopathological changes that accompanied an oral inoculation of crude extracts from fresh and thermally treated Anisakis Type II (L3) in Wistar albino rats. Nematode worms were isolated from the marine fish Dicentrarchus labrax. They were examined and taxonomically identified using light and scanning electron microscopy. The study was performed in 6 rat groups: a control group (I), a garlic oil (GO) inoculated group (II), a fresh L3 inoculated group (III), a thermally treated L3 inoculated group (IV), a fresh L3 + GO inoculated group (V), and a thermally treated L3 + GO inoculated group (VI). It was observed that rats inoculated with fresh and thermally treated L3 crude extracts showed abnormal oxidative stress markers associated with the destruction of normal architecture of spleen and thymus. GO produced a protective effect in rat groups inoculated with L3 extracts + GO administration via the amelioration of oxidative stress markers, which was confirmed by the marked normal structure of the organs' histology. Cooking of L3 infected fish induced severe physiological and histopathological alterations compared to uncooked infected fish. The administration of garlic before and after fish eating is recommended to avoid the dangerous effect of anisakids, even if they are cooked.(AU)

O consumo de peixes tratados termicamente de forma inadequada é um risco à saúde pública devido à possível propagação das larvas de Anisakis e suas proteínas antigênicas, o agente causador da doença zoonótica anisakidose. O presente estudo demonstrou as alterações fisiológicas e histopatológicas que acompanharam a inoculação oral de extratos brutos de Anisakis Tipo II (L3) frescos e termicamente tratados em ratos Wistar albinos. Vermes nematoides foram isolados do peixe marinho Dicentrarchus labrax e foram examinados e identificados taxonomicamente usando microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. O estudo foi realizado em 6 grupos de ratos: grupo controle (I), grupo inoculado com óleo de alho (GO) (II), grupo inoculado com L3 fresco (III), grupo inoculado com L3 tratado termicamente (IV), grupo inoculado com L3 + GO fresco (V), e grupo inoculado com L3 + GO tratado termicamente (VI). Observou-se que ratos inoculados com extrato bruto L3 fresco e tratado termicamente mostraram marcadores de estresse oxidativo anormais associados à destruição da estrutura normal do baço e do timo. GO produziu um efeito protetor em grupos de ratos inoculados com extrato L3 + administração de GO através da melhoria dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo, que foi confirmada pela marcante estrutura normal da histologia dos órgãos. O cozimento de peixes infectados com L3 induziu alterações fisiológicas e histopatológicas graves quando comparado com peixes infectados não cozidos. Recomenda-se a administração de alho antes e depois da ingestão do peixe para evitar o efeito perigoso dos anisakídeos, mesmo se cozidos.(AU)

In vitro evaluation of the resistence of the Contracaecum sp. larvae (Railliet & Henry, 1912) (Nematoda: Anisakidae), to the essential oil of citronella ( Cymbopogon sp.) (Poaceae)

The essential oil of citronella ( Cymbopogon sp.) was used in vitro to assess its influence on the L3 larvae of Contracaecum sp. The parameters investigated were the morphological integrity and motility of the larvae after being in contact with the product. The essential oil was very effective in its trade form killing all the larvae at the utmost in two hours. The damage caused to the larvae was evaluated with a microscope in histological cuts, where cuticular rupture and disintegration of the intestinal wall of the larvae were found. The results were analyzed through the use of a monocaudal Fisher test to detect differences between the groups where the significance of p<0,05 was obtained.

O óleo essencial de citronela ( Cymbopogon sp.) foi utilizado in vitro para avaliar sua ação sobre larvas L3 de Contracaecum sp. Os parâmetros observados foram motilidade e integridade morfológica das larvas após contato com o produto. O óleo essencial demonstrou-se bastante eficaz, em sua forma comercial, causando morte de todas as larvas em no máximo duas horas. Os danos causados às larvas foram avaliados microscopicamente em cortes histológicos, encontrando-se ruptura cuticular e lise da parede intestinal das larvas. Os resultados foram analisados através da aplicação do teste de Fisher monocaudal para detectar diferenças entre os grupos, onde se obteve uma significância de p<0,05.

Resistência de larvas de Contracaecum sp., a baixas temperaturas / Resistence of Contracaecum sp. larvae under low temperature

Trinta e cinco peixes da espécie Hoplias malabaricus provenientes do rio Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso, foram necropsiadospara a coleta de larvas de anisaquídeos, Contracaecum sp., com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência desses nematóides ao frio.As larvas foram coletadas e avaliadas quanto a sua viabilidade, através de movimento espontâneo e integridade morfológica;estas foram acondicionadas entre fatias da massa muscular e mantidas em freezer a -30°C, para avaliação da sobrevivênciados parasitos a cada hora. Após cinco horas de exposição, todas as larvas estavam mortas.

Thirty-five specimens of Hoplias malabaricus collected from Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, were necropsied forcollecting anisakid larvae, Contracaecum sp., aiming to observe the resistence of these nematode to the cold. The larvae werecollected and considered about as its viability through spontaneous movement and morphologic integrity. It was kept intomuscle masses -30°C, testing its survival on the hour. After five hours of exposition all the larvae were dead.

Anisakidae parasitos de congro-rosa, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 comercializados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil de interesse na saúde pública / Anisakidae parasites of cusk-eel, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 purchased in the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil and of interest in public health

The aim of this study was to identify the species Anisakidae, of interest to public health, parasitizing the cusk-eel, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 purchased in markets ofNiteroi and Rio de Janeiro counties, Brazil, emphasizing their parasite indexes, sites of infection and higienic-sanitary importance. Seventy-four specimens ofG brasiliensis were necropsiedfrom October 2002 to September 2003. Twenty fish specimens (27 percent>) were parasitized by live larvae of Anisakidae. The collected species were represented by Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. and Terranova sp. The species Anisakis sp. and A. simplex presented the higher prevalences, both with 13,5 percent whereas A. physeteris presented the lower prevalence 1,35 percent. The other species, Pseudoterranova sp., P. decipiens, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. and Terranova sp. presented prevalences of 10,8 percent, 5,4 percent, 2,7 percent, 4,1 percent, 1,4 percent and 1,4 percent, respectively. The sites of infection were, the mesentery, stomach and intestinal seroses, intestine, ovary and musculature.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as especies de Anisakidae parasitando congro-rosa, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 comercializados nos mercados dos municipios de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de interesse em saúde pública, enfatizando seus índices parasitarios, sitios de infecção e importância higiénico-sanitária. Setenta e quatro espécimes de G. brasiliensis foram necropsiados de outubro de 2002 a setembro de 2003. Vinte peixes (27 por cento) estavam parasitados por larvas vivas de nematóides Anisakidae: Anisakis physeteris, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. e Terranova sp. As especies Anisakis sp. e A. simplex foram as especies que apresentaram maior prevalência, ambos com 13,5 por cento e A. physeteris a menor prevalência 1,35 por cento. As demais especies, Pseudoterranova sp., P decipiens, Hysterothylacium sp., Raphidascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. e Terranova sp. apresentaram as seguintes prevalências 10,8 por cento, 5,4 por cento, 2,7 por cento, 4,1 por cento, 1,4 por cento e 1,4 por cento, respectivamente. Os sitios de infecção foram o mesentério, serosa do estómago e intestinal, instestino, ovario e musculatura.

The infection status of anisakid larvae in marine fish and cephalopods from the Bohai Sea, China and their taxonomical consideration

The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.